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Hard Cases

What 65,175 people did with three trolley problems, where nineteen theories of right and wrong part ways, and the dilemmas that keep coming back.

Trolley answers from Edmond Awad, Sohan Dsouza, Azim Shariff, Iyad Rahwan and Jean-François Bonnefon, Universals and variations in moral decisions made in 42 countries by 70,000 participants (PNAS, 2020), with the response data the authors shared on OSF. Philosophers’ answers from the 2020 PhilPapers Survey by David Bourget and David Chalmers. Each verdict in Fault Lines names its source. Where a theory’s founders never took up a case, the usual reading in the secondary literature is marked as a reading, mostly from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Old Questions quotes each text in the translation linked beside it, and marks the few passages it summarizes instead. Word counts from the Google Books Ngram Viewer.